Saxagliptinside effects

The following serious adverse reactions are described below or elsewhere in the prescribing information:

Pancreatitis

Heart Failure

Hypoglycemia with Concomitant Use of Insulin or Insulin Secretagogues

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Severe and disabling arthralgia

Bullous pemphigoid

Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5% and more often than placebo) are upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, and headache.

Peripheral edema was reported more commonly in patients treated with the combination of saxagliptin tablets and a thiazolidinedione (TZD) than in patients treated with the combination of placebo and TZD. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Mylan at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical

Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Trials in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus The data in Table 1 are derived from a pool of 5 placebo-controlled clinical trials. These data shown in the table reflect exposure of 882 patients to saxagliptin tablets and a mean duration of exposure to saxagliptin tablets of 21 weeks. The mean age of these patients was 55 years, 1.4% were 75 years of age or older and 48.4% were male. The population was 67.5% White, 4.6% Black or African American, 17.4% Asian, 10.5% other races and 9.8% were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. At baseline, the population had type 2 diabetes mellitus for an average of 5.2 years and a mean HbA1c of 8.2%. Baseline estimated renal function was normal or mildly impaired (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) in 91% of these patients. Table 1 shows common adverse reactions, excluding hypoglycemia, associated with the use of saxagliptin tablets. These adverse reactions occurred more commonly on saxagliptin tablets than on placebo and occurred in at least 5% of patients treated with saxagliptin tablets.

Table 1: Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Trials The 5 placebo-controlled trials include two monotherapy trials and one add-on combination therapy trial with each of the following: metformin hydrochloride (HCl), thiazolidinedione, or glyburide. Table shows 24-week data regardless of glycemic rescue. Reported in ≥ 5% of Patients Treated with Saxagliptin Tablets 5 mg and More Commonly than in Patients Treated with Placebo % of Patients Saxagliptin Tablets 5 mg N = 882 Placebo N = 799 Upper respiratory tract infection 7.7 7.6 Urinary tract infection 6.8 6.1 Headache 6.5 5.9 In patients treated with saxagliptin tablets 2.5 mg, headache (6.5%) was the only adverse reaction reported at a rate ≥ 5% and more commonly than in patients treated with placebo. In the add-on to TZD trial, the incidence of peripheral edema was higher for saxagliptin tablets 5 mg versus placebo (8.1% and 4.3%, respectively). The incidence of peripheral edema for saxagliptin tablets 2.5 mg was 3.1%. None of the reported adverse reactions of peripheral edema resulted in trial drug discontinuation. Rates of peripheral edema for saxagliptin tablets 2.5 mg and saxagliptin tablets 5 mg versus placebo were 3.6% and 2% versus 3% given as monotherapy, 2.1% and 2.1% versus 2.2% given as add-on therapy to metformin HCl, and 2.4% and 1.2% versus 2.2% given as add-on therapy to glyburide. The incidence rate of fractures was 1.0 and 0.6 per 100 patient-years, respectively, for saxagliptin tablets (pooled analysis of 2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg) and placebo. The 10 mg dosage is not an approved dosage. The incidence rate of fracture events in patients who received saxagliptin tablets did not increase over time. Causality has not been established and nonclinical studies have not demonstrated adverse effects of saxagliptin tablets on bone. An event of thrombocytopenia, consistent with a diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, was observed in the clinical program. The relationship of this event to saxagliptin tablets is not known. Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse reactions occurred in 2.2%, 3.3%, and 1.8% of patients receiving saxagliptin tablets 2.5 mg, saxagliptin tablets 5 mg, and placebo, respectively. The most common adverse reactions (reported in at least 2 patients treated with saxagliptin tablets 2.5 mg or at least 2 patients treated with saxagliptin tablets 5 mg) associated with premature discontinuation of therapy included lymphopenia (0.1% and 0.5% versus 0%, respectively), rash (0.2% and 0.3% versus 0.3%), blood creatinine increased (0.3% and 0% versus 0%), and blood creatine phosphokinase increased (0.1% and 0.2% versus 0%). Adverse Reactions with Concomitant Use with Insulin In the add-on to insulin trial, the incidence of adverse reactions, including serious adverse reactions and discontinuations due to adverse reactions, was similar between saxagliptin tablets and placebo, except for confirmed hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia Adverse reactions of hypoglycemia were based on all reports of hypoglycemia. A concurrent glucose measurement was not required or was normal in some patients. Therefore, it is not possible to conclusively determine that all these reports reflect true hypoglycemia. In the add-on to glyburide trial, the overall incidence of reported hypoglycemia was higher for saxagliptin tablets 2.5 mg and saxagliptin tablets 5 mg (13.3% and 14.6%) versus placebo (10.1%). The incidence of confirmed hypoglycemia in this trial, defined as symptoms of hypoglycemia accompanied by a fingerstick glucose value of ≤ 50 mg/dL, was 2.4% and 0.8% for saxagliptin tablets 2.5 mg and saxagliptin tablets 5 mg and 0.7% for placebo. The incidence of reported hypoglycemia for saxagliptin tablets 2.5 mg and saxagliptin tablets 5 mg versus placebo given as monotherapy was 4% and 5.6% versus 4.1%, respectively, 7.8% and 5.8% versus 5% given as add-on therapy to metformin HCl, and 4.1% and 2.7% versus 3.8% given as add-on therapy to TZD. The incidence of reported hypoglycemia was 3.4% in treatment-naive patients given saxagliptin tablets 5 mg plus metformin HCl and 4% in patients given metformin HCl alone. In the active-controlled trial comparing add-on therapy with saxagliptin tablets 5 mg to glipizide in patients inadequately controlled on metformin HCl alone, the incidence of reported hypoglycemia was 3% (19 events in 13 patients) with saxagliptin tablets 5 mg versus 36.3% (750 events in 156 patients) with glipizide. Confirmed symptomatic hypoglycemia (accompanying fingerstick blood glucose ≤ 50 mg/dL) was reported in none of the saxagliptin tablet-treated patients and in 35 glipizide-treated patients (8.1%) (p < 0.0001). In the add-on to insulin trial, the overall incidence of reported hypoglycemia was 18.4% for saxagliptin tablets 5 mg and 19.9% for placebo. However, the incidence of confirmed symptomatic hypoglycemia (accompanying fingerstick blood glucose ≤ 50 mg/dL) was higher with saxagliptin tablets 5 mg (5.3%) versus placebo (3.3%). In the add-on to metformin HCl plus sulfonylurea trial, the overall incidence of reported hypoglycemia was 10.1% for saxagliptin tablets 5 mg and 6.3% for placebo. Confirmed hypoglycemia was reported in 1.6% of the saxagliptin tablet-treated patients and in none of the placebo-treated patients. Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions, such as urticaria and facial edema in the 5-trial pooled analysis up to Week 24 were reported in 1.5%, 1.5%, and 0.4% of patients who received saxagliptin tablets 2.5 mg, saxagliptin tablets 5 mg, and placebo, respectively. None of these events in patients who received saxagliptin tablets required hospitalization or were reported as life-threatening by the investigators. One saxagliptin tablet-treated patient in this pooled analysis discontinued due to generalized urticaria and facial edema. Renal Impairment In the SAVOR trial, adverse reactions related to renal impairment, including laboratory changes (i.e., doubling of serum creatinine compared with baseline and serum creatinine > 6 mg/dL), were reported in 5.8% (483/8280) of saxagliptin tablet-treated patients and 5.1% (422/8212) of placebo-treated patients. The most frequently reported adverse reactions included renal impairment (2.1% vs. 1.9%), acute renal failure (1.4% vs. 1.2%), and renal failure (0.8% vs. 0.9%), in the saxagliptin tablets versus placebo groups, respectively. From baseline to the end of treatment, there was a mean decrease in eGFR of 2.5 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for saxagliptin tablet-treated patients and a mean decrease of 2.4 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for placebo-treated patients. More patients randomized to saxagliptin tablets (421/5227, 8.1%) compared to patients randomized to placebo (344/5073, 6.8%) had downward shifts in eGFR from > 50 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (i.e., normal or mild renal impairment) to ≤ 50 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (i.e., moderate or severe renal impairment). The proportions of patients with renal adverse reactions increased with worsening baseline renal function and increased age, regardless of treatment assignment. Infections In the unblinded, controlled, clinical trial database for saxagliptin tablets to date, there have been 6 (0.12%) reports of tuberculosis among the 4959 saxagliptin tablet-treated patients (1.1 per 1000 patient-years) compared to no reports of tuberculosis among the 2868 comparator-treated patients. Two of these six cases were confirmed with laboratory testing. The remaining cases had limited information or had presumptive diagnoses of tuberculosis. None of the six cases occurred in the United States or in Western Europe. One case occurred in Canada in a patient originally from Indonesia who had recently visited Indonesia. The duration of treatment with saxagliptin tablets until report of tuberculosis ranged from 144 to 929 days. Post-treatment lymphocyte counts were consistently within the reference range for four cases. One patient had lymphopenia prior to initiation of saxagliptin tablets that remained stable throughout saxagliptin tablet treatment. The final patient had an isolated lymphocyte count below normal approximately four months prior to the report of tuberculosis. There have been no spontaneous reports of tuberculosis associated with saxagliptin tablet use. Causality has not been estimated and there are too few cases to date to determine whether tuberculosis is related to saxagliptin tablet use. There has been one case of a potential opportunistic infection in the unblinded, controlled clinical trial database to date in a saxagliptin tablet-treated patient who developed suspected foodborne fatal salmonella sepsis after approximately 600 days of saxagliptin tablet therapy. There have been no spontaneous reports of opportunistic infections associated with saxagliptin tablet use. Vital Signs No clinically meaningful changes in vital signs have been observed in patients treated with saxagliptin tablets. Laboratory Tests Absolute Lymphocyte Counts There was a dose-related mean decrease in absolute lymphocyte count observed with saxagliptin tablets. From a baseline mean absolute lymphocyte count of approximately 2200 cells/microL, mean decreases of approximately 100 and 120 cells/microL with saxagliptin tablets 5 mg and 10 mg, respectively, relative to placebo were observed at 24 weeks in a pooled analysis of five placebo-controlled clinical trials. Similar effects were observed when saxagliptin tablets 5 mg were given in initial combination with metformin HCl compared to metformin HCl alone. There was no difference observed for saxagliptin tablets 2.5 mg relative to placebo. The proportion of patients who were reported to have a lymphocyte count ≤ 750 cells/microL was 0.5%, 1.5%, 1.4%, and 0.4% in the saxagliptin tablets 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, and placebo groups, respectively. In most patients, recurrence was not observed with repeated exposure to saxagliptin tablets although some patients had recurrent decreases upon rechallenge that led to discontinuation of saxagliptin tablets. The decreases in lymphocyte count were not associated with clinically relevant adverse reactions. The 10 mg dosage is not an approved dosage. In the SAVOR trial mean decreases of approximately 84 cells/microL with saxagliptin tablets relative to placebo was observed. The proportion of patients who experienced a decrease in lymphocyte counts to a count of ≤ 750 cells/microL was 1.6% (136/8280) and 1.0% (78/8212) on saxagliptin tablets and placebo, respectively. The clinical significance of this decrease in lymphocyte count relative to placebo is not known. When clinically indicated, such as in settings of unusual or prolonged infection, lymphocyte count should be measured. The effect of saxagliptin tablets on lymphocyte counts in patients with lymphocyte abnormalities (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus) is unknown.

6.2 Postmarketing

Experience Additional adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of saxagliptin tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is generally not possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Gastrointestinal Disorders: Pancreatitis

Immune System Disorders: Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis, angioedema, and exfoliative skin conditions

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Rhabdomyolysis, Severe and disabling arthralgia

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Bullous pemphigoid