Mycophenolateside effects

The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label: Embryofetal Toxicity Lymphomas and Other Malignancies Serious Infections Blood Dyscrasias: Neutropenia, Pure Red Cell Aplasia Gastrointestinal Complications Acute Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with Mycophenolate Products Hypersensitivity Reactions The most common adverse reactions in clinical trials (20 % or greater) include diarrhea, leukopenia, infection, vomiting, and there is evidence of a higher frequency of certain types of infections e.g., opportunistic infection. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Genentech at 1-888-835-2555 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.com

6.1 Clinical

Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. An estimated total of 1557 adult patients received CELLCEPT during pivotal clinical trials in the prevention of acute organ rejection. Of these, 991 were included in the three renal studies, 277 were included in one hepatic study, and 289 were included in one cardiac study. Patients in all study arms also received cyclosporine and corticosteroids. The data described below primarily derive from five randomized, active-controlled double-blind 12-month trials of CELLCEPT in de novo kidney heart and liver transplant patients. CELLCEPT Oral The incidence of adverse reactions for CELLCEPT was determined in five randomized, comparative, double-blind trials in the prevention of rejection in kidney, heart and liver transplant patients (two active- and one placebo-controlled trials, one active-controlled trial, and one active-controlled trial, respectively). The three de novo kidney studies with 12-month duration compared two dose levels of oral CELLCEPT (1 g twice daily and 1.5 g twice daily) with azathioprine (2 studies) or placebo (1 study) when administered in combination with cyclosporine (Sandimmune®) and corticosteroids to prevent acute rejection episodes. One study also included anti-thymocyte globulin (ATGAM®) induction therapy. In the de novo heart transplantation study with 12-month duration, patients received CELLCEPT 1.5 g twice daily (n=289) or azathioprine 1.5 to 3 mg/kg/day (n=289), in combination with cyclosporine (Sandimmune® or Neoral®) and corticosteroids as maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. In the de novo liver transplantation study with 12-month duration, patients received CELLCEPT 1 g twice daily intravenously for up to 14 days followed by CELLCEPT 1.5 g twice daily orally or azathioprine 1 to 2 mg/kg/day intravenously followed by azathioprine 1 to 2 mg/kg/day orally, in combination with cyclosporine (Neoral®) and corticosteroids as maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. The total number of patients enrolled was 565. Approximately 53% of the kidney transplant patients, 65% of the heart transplant patients, and 48% of the liver transplant patients were treated for more than 1 year. Adverse reactions reported in ≥ 20% of patients in the CELLCEPT treatment groups are presented below. The safety data of three kidney transplantation studies are pooled together. Table 5 Adverse Reactions in Controlled Studies of De Novo Kidney, Heart or Liver Transplantation Reported in ≥20% of Patients in the CELLCEPT Group Adverse drug reaction Kidney Studies Heart Study Liver Study CellCept 2g/day (n=501) or 3g/day (n=490) AZA 1 to 2 mg/kg/day or 100 to 150 mg/day Placebo CellCept 3g/day AZA 1.5 to 3 mg/kg/day CellCept 3g/day AZA 1 to 2 mg/kg/day (n=991) (n=326) (n=166) (n=289) (n=289) (n=277) (n=287) System Organ Class % % % % % % % Infections and infestations Bacterial infections 39.9 33.7 37.3 - - 27.4

26.5 Viral infections - "-"

Indicates that the incidence was below the cutoff value of 20% for inclusion in the table. - - 31.1 24.9 - - Blood and lymphatic system disorders Anemia 20.0 23.6 2.4 45.0 47.1 43.0 53.0 Ecchymosis - - - 20.1 9.7 - - Leukocytosis - - - 42.6 37.4 22.4 21.3 Leukopenia 28.6 24.8 4.2 34.3 43.3 45.8 39.0 Thrombocytopenia - - - 24.2 28.0 38.3

42.2 Metabolism and nutrition disorders

Hypercholesterolemia - - - 46.0 43.9 - - Hyperglycemia - - - 48.4 53.3 43.7 48.8 Hyperkalemia - - - - - 22.0 23.7 Hypocalcemia - - - - - 30.0 30.0 Hypokalemia - - - 32.5 26.3 37.2 41.1 Hypomagnesemia - - - 20.1 14.2 39.0

37.6 Psychiatric disorders

Depression - - - 20.1 15.2 - - Insomnia - - - 43.3 39.8 52.3

47.0 Nervous system disorders

Dizziness - - - 34.3 33.9 - - Headache - - - 58.5 55.4 53.8 49.1 Tremor - - - 26.3 25.6 33.9

35.5 Cardiac disorders

Tachycardia - - - 22.8 21.8 22.0

15.7 Vascular disorders

Hypertension 27.5 32.2 19.3 78.9 74.0 62.1 59.6 Hypotension - - - 34.3 40.1 - - Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Cough - - - 40.5 32.2 - - Dyspnea - - - 44.3 44.3 31.0 30.3 Pleural effusion - - - - - 34.3

35.9 Gastrointestinal disorders

Abdominal pain 22.4 23.0 11.4 41.9 39.4 62.5 51.2 Constipation - - - 43.6 38.8 37.9 38.3 Decreased appetite - - - - - 25.3 17.1 Diarrhea 30.4 20.9 13.9 52.6 39.4 51.3 49.8 Dyspepsia - - - 22.1 22.1 22.4 20.9 Nausea - - - 56.1 60.2 54.5 51.2 Vomiting - - - 39.1 34.6 32.9

33.4 Hepatobiliary disorders

Blood lactate dehydrogenase increased - - - 23.5 18.3 - - Hepatic enzyme increased - - - - - 24.9

19.2 Skin and subcutaneous tissues disorders

Rash - - - 26.0 20.8 - - Renal and urinary disorders Blood creatinine increased - - - 42.2 39.8 - - Blood urea increased - - - 36.7 34.3 - - General disorders and administration site conditions Asthenia - - - 49.1 41.2 35.4 33.8 Edema "Edema" includes peripheral edema, facial edema, scrotal edema. 21.0 28.2 8.4 67.5 55.7 48.4 47.7 Pain "Pain" includes musculoskeletal pain (myalgia, neck pain, back pain). 24.8 32.2 9.6 79.2 77.5 74.0 77.5 Pyrexia - - - 56.4 53.6 52.3 56.1 In the three de novo kidney studies, patients receiving 2 g/day of CELLCEPT had an overall better safety profile than did patients receiving 3 g/day of CELLCEPT. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD, pseudolymphoma) developed in 0.4% to 1% of patients receiving CELLCEPT (2 g or 3 g daily) with other immunosuppressive agents in controlled clinical trials of kidney, heart and liver transplant patients followed for at least 1 year. Non-melanoma skin carcinomas occurred in 1.6% to 4.2% of patients, other types of malignancy in 0.7% to 2.1% of patients. Three-year safety data in kidney and heart transplant patients did not reveal any unexpected changes in incidence of malignancy compared to the 1-year data. In pediatric patients, PTLD was observed in 1.35% (2/148) by 12 months post-transplant. Cytopenias, including leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia are a known risk associated with mycophenolate and may lead or contribute to the occurrence of infections and hemorrhages. Severe neutropenia (ANC <0.5 × 10 3 /µL) developed in up to 2% of kidney transplant patients, up to 2.8% of heart transplant patients and up to 3.6% of liver transplant patients receiving CELLCEPT 3 g daily. The most common opportunistic infections in patients receiving CELLCEPT with other immunosuppressants were mucocutaneous candida, CMV viremia/syndrome, and herpes simplex. The proportion of patients with CMV viremia/syndrome was 13.5%. In patients receiving CELLCEPT (2 g or 3 g) in controlled studies for prevention of kidney, heart or liver rejection, fatal infection/sepsis occurred in approximately 2% of kidney and heart patients and in 5% of liver patients. The most serious gastrointestinal disorders reported were ulceration and hemorrhage, which are known risks associated with CELLCEPT. Mouth, esophageal, gastric, duodenal, and intestinal ulcers often complicated by hemorrhage, as well as hematemesis, melena, and hemorrhagic forms of gastritis and colitis were commonly reported during the pivotal clinical trials, while the most common gastrointestinal disorders were diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Endoscopic investigation of patients with CELLCEPT-related diarrhea revealed isolated cases of intestinal villous atrophy. The following adverse reactions were reported with 3% to <20% incidence in kidney, heart, and liver transplant patients treated with CELLCEPT, in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids. Table 6 Adverse Reactions in Controlled Studies of De Novo Kidney, Heart or Liver Transplantation Reported in 3% to <20% of Patients Treated with CELLCEPT in Combination with Cyclosporine and Corticosteroids System Organ Class Adverse Reactions Body as a Whole cellulitis, chills, hernia, malaise Infections and Infestations fungal infections Hematologic and Lymphatic coagulation disorder, ecchymosis, pancytopenia Urogenital hematuria Cardiovascular hypotension Metabolic and Nutritional acidosis, alkaline phosphatase increased, hyperlipemia, hypophosphatemia, weight loss Digestive esophagitis, flatulence, gastritis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatitis, ileus, nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcer, stomatitis Neoplasm benign, malignant and unspecified neoplasm Skin and Appendages skin benign neoplasm, skin carcinoma Psychiatric confusional state Nervous hypertonia, paresthesia, somnolence Musculoskeletal arthralgia, myasthenia Pediatrics The type and frequency of adverse events in a clinical study for prevention of kidney allograft rejection in 100 pediatric patients 3 months to 18 years of age dosed with CELLCEPT oral suspension 600 mg/m 2 twice daily (up to 1 g twice daily) were generally similar to those observed in adult patients dosed with CELLCEPT capsules at a dose of 1 g twice daily with the exception of abdominal pain, fever, infection, pain, sepsis, diarrhea, vomiting, pharyngitis, respiratory tract infection, hypertension, leukopenia, and anemia, which were observed in a higher proportion in pediatric patients. Safety information in pediatric heart transplant or pediatric liver transplant patients treated with CELLCEPT is supported by an open-label study in pediatric liver transplant patients and publications; the type and frequency of the reported adverse reactions are consistent with those observed in pediatric patients following renal transplant and in adults. Geriatrics Geriatric patients (≥65 years), particularly those who are receiving CELLCEPT as part of a combination immunosuppressive regimen, may be at increased risk of certain infections (including cytomegalovirus [CMV] tissue invasive disease) and possibly gastrointestinal hemorrhage and pulmonary edema, compared to younger individuals. CELLCEPT Intravenous The safety profile of CELLCEPT Intravenous was determined from a single, double-blind, controlled comparative study of the safety of 2 g/day of intravenous and oral CELLCEPT in kidney transplant patients in the immediate post-transplant period (administered for the first 5 days). The potential venous irritation of CELLCEPT Intravenous was evaluated by comparing the adverse reactions attributable to peripheral venous infusion of CELLCEPT Intravenous with those observed in the intravenous placebo group; patients in the placebo group received active medication by the oral route. Adverse reactions attributable to peripheral venous infusion were phlebitis and thrombosis, both observed at 4% in patients treated with CELLCEPT Intravenous.

6.2 Postmarketing

Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of CELLCEPT. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Congenital malformations and spontaneous abortions, mainly in the first trimester, have been reported following exposure to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in combination with other immunosuppressants during pregnancy.

Congenital malformations include: - Facial malformations: cleft lip, cleft palate, micrognathia, hypertelorism of the orbits - Abnormalities of the ear and eye: abnormally formed or absent external/middle ear, coloboma, microphthalmos - Malformations of the fingers: polydactyly, syndactyly, brachydactyly - Cardiac abnormalities: atrial and ventricular septal defects - Esophageal malformations: esophageal atresia - Nervous system malformations: such as spina bifida.

Cardiovascular: Venous thrombosis has been reported in patients treated with CELLCEPT administered intravenously.

Digestive: Colitis, pancreatitis Hematologic and Lymphatic: Bone marrow failure, cases of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and hypogammaglobulinemia have been reported in patients treated with CELLCEPT in combination with other immunosuppressive agents.

Immune: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and angioedema, hypogammaglobinemia.

Infections: Meningitis, infectious endocarditis, tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterial infection, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, BK virus infection, viral reactivation of hepatitis B and hepatitis C, protozoal infections.

Respiratory: Bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease, fatal pulmonary fibrosis, have been reported rarely and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary symptoms ranging from dyspnea to respiratory failure in post-transplant patients receiving CELLCEPT.

Vascular: Lymphocele